Guides
Guides for buyers and intermediaries
Short, practical notes on the terms and documents that come up in every petroleum deal. No prices, nothing that goes out of date next week.
EN 590 diesel: what the standard actually guarantees
What the EN 590 diesel standard sets: sulphur, cetane, density, flash point, FAME and cold-weather grades, and what a buyer should check on the certificate.
LC or SBLC: how each one protects a petroleum deal
The difference between a letter of credit and a standby letter of credit in petroleum trade: who pays, when, against which documents, and what irrevocable, transferable and divisible mean.
How independent cargo inspection works, and why the certificate matters
What an independent inspector such as SGS does at the load port: quantity measurement, sampling, laboratory testing, the certificates issued, and how to confirm they are genuine.
KYC in petroleum trading: the documents to prepare before you ask for an offer
Which KYC documents a petroleum seller asks for, why banks require them, what intermediaries must add, and how to share them safely.
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